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Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps and Systems

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About Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps and Systems

Rotary vane vacuum pumps move fluid through the pump using a rotating assembly in the pumping chamber.  Typically there are two or more rotating vanes that move the gas or fluid from inlet to outlet.  Rotary vane vacuum pumps are positive displacement pumps.  The volume of fluid that is transferred by rotary vane pumps depends upon the size of the housing and the area between each adjacent vane.  Larger pumps may have additional impeller vanes.  As the rotor turns, the ends of the vane barely touch the housing creating a seal from inlet to outlet.  The inlet and outlet are often perpendicular, however for vacuum service applications two inlets may be used, one for air supply and the other for the pumped media.  The fluid is pressurized as the volume between the vanes lessens during one half-cycle and is suctioned through an intake port during the other half-cycle.

The movement of the media through the pump can be broken down into three phases in rotary vane pumps: 1) Air or fluid moves through the inlet also known as open to inlet (OTI). 2) The vane rotates clockwise or counterclockwise and seals the media between the vanes and the housing wall also known as closed to inlet and outlet (CTIO).  With fluids, this volume should remain constant throughout the cycling process.  Gases and/or air may be compressed in this phase causing the pressure to increase before the next phase.  3) The media is moved through to the outlet. This is also referred to as the open to outlet (OTO) volume.  The rotor blades are positioned to contain a specific volume of air or fluid. The cyclical movement of the vane creates a smooth flow as the fluid is transferred through the pumping chamber.  Generally, materials can be chosen for the vane.  For example, carbon vanes can be used with inert gases and a variety of other media types.  The vane can be internal or external, rigid or flexible.

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Engineering Web: Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps and Systems

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