Turbine Pumps

Turbine pumps are centrifugal pumps that use pressure and flow in combination with a rotary mechanism to transfer fluid.  They typically employ blade geometry, which causes fluid circulation around the vanes to add pressure from inlet to outlet.  Turbine pumps operate using kinetic energy to move fluid utilizing an impeller.  The centrifugal force drives the liquid to the housing wall in close proximity to the vanes of the impeller or propeller.  The cyclical movement of the impeller produces pressure in the pumping bowl.  The shape of turbine pumps also contributes to suction and discharge rates.  Pressure and velocity measured at points in the nozzle, diffuser, or suction chamber along with the specific gravity of the fluids transferred can yield the operating head and/or discharge velocity.  The turbine principle has been used in a number of applications including hydroelectricity and other power applications by combining compressors, motors, generators, and pumps.

Turbine pumps can be used to pump water from wells into distribution systems.  Water can be pumped from multiple wells to supply a complete irrigation system.  Turbine pumps may be single or multiple stages depending on the net positive suction head (NPSH) required for the application. The net positive suction head (NPSH) is the relationship using the distance from the intended centerline of the turbine pump and the depth of the storage area, the specific gravity of the fluid, and the pressure at the specified temperature.  In many cases, manufacturers will give performance curves relating the NPSH, the pump capacity, and the horsepower required to drive the shaft.  A combination of the characteristics of the fluid transferred and the size of the well should also be considered when determining the impeller type and the drive type.  Water transfer is perhaps the most popular application for turbine pumps.

Turbine pumps may have a number of stages with a single line shaft that rotates the impeller or multiple impellers.  The motor is typically above the liquid level, but can be submersible on a shorter drive shaft.  A strainer may be used at the inlet to prevent certain materials from interfering with the impellers.  Impellers may be enclosed or open depending on the needs of the application.  The diameter of the impeller, the number of vanes, the material, and the weight may be characteristics to consider in relation to the flow rate and materials pumped.

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Part Numbers for Turbine Pumps