A cap is designed to attach over the outside of a tube end to dead-end the flow. A plug is inserted into the end of hose or tubing to dead-end the flow. Attachment techniques include welding, push-fit, brazing, adhesives, and threading.
Pitless adapters are used to connect down-hole well pipe with distribution pipe that resides above the frost line. Pitless adapters also allow for easy access to the well.
A quick-action coupler is used in a hydraulic or pneumatic system to quickly connect lines without losing fluid or fluid pressure. All couplings consist of two mating halves: the plug (male) and the coupler (female). Couplers can be used under a variety of pressure and temperature conditions. Quick-action couplers are ideal for use in applications where fluid loss during connection or disconnection is undesirable. Typical applications include systems where tools or other devices are routinely connected and disconnected to a central pressure supply.
Return or trap fittings are commonly in a 180° "U" shape. These fittings can be used to reverse pipe direction, or be combined as a trap for gas or odors.
Tee fittings have three-ports and are in the shape of a "T". Standard configuration ("Equal") indicates that the straight-through path (typically called the "run") and the perpendicular section ("branch") all have the same size ports.
Wye fittings have three-ports in the general shape of the letter "Y," or in which a branch departs the run at an angle other than 90°. The designation "Equal" refers to the three outlets being the same size.
Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary fitting style.
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The fitting end has barbs or ridges, and includes both single and multiple barb types. Some configurations may be used for manually pushing on over the barb, or sometimes for use with a clamp over the tube or hose end.
Face seals typically incorporate O-rings that mate against the face of the opposite connector to form a seal. Depending on the standard, the O-ring may be on the nose of the male threaded connector, or behind the male thread on the face of the backing nut.
Ferrules are sleeve-type fittings that slip over two ends to join them. These fittings can be compressible and used as the sealing component of a compression fitting. They are also used as weldable connection fittings.
Flanges are ports with flush surfaces perpendicular surface to the pipe/hose/tube, which are mated to each other and sealed by a clamp, welding, or other means.
Luer lock fittings afford simple, effective connections (generally for short, single use) by a quick twisting action. This fitting is generally used in medical and laboratory applications.
Push-to-connect fittings have ends that are designed to accept the tubing by pushing it into the end. These fittings typically disconnect via some type of collar retraction.
Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary connection.
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Lined fittings are manufactured with an integral lining. The linings are often made from engineered polymers for use with process materials or in applications such as food processing where media cleanliness is important.
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Nonspill, self-cleaning, flush face valve design minimizes fluid loss. The coupler incorporates a fluid trapping door that is flush with coupler face when disengaged.
One element, either a plug or coupler, provides shutoff valving when disconnected.
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Aluminum is a bluish, silver-white, malleable, ductile, light, trivalent, metallic element that has good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance to oxidation.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, often with additional elements such as lead or tin; it is characterized by good strength, excellent high temperature ductility, reasonable cold ductility, good conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance, good bearing properties, and low magnetic permeability.
Carbon or graphite has an extremely high melting point and is resistant to many molten non-ferrous metals, ceramics, and salts. Carbon pipe is used in chemical manufacturing, in heat treating furnaces, in non-ferrous metal production, and by the ceramic industries.
Ceramic materials are made of metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, or combinations of these compounds. Ceramics are typically formed from powders consolidated in a high temperature firing process. Most ceramics resist high temperatures and chemicals, but they typically have low electrical and thermal conductivity.
Copper is a common reddish, metallic element that is ductile and malleable, and is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Copper tube and fittings are frequently used in plumbing applications.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) are common, versatile pipe materials. CPVC shares many of the advantages and application use with PVC, and typically carries higher temperature ratings.
Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) is used for temperature requirements of 500°F (250°C). This material exhibits very good chemical resistance and dielectric properties.
Glass properties include smoothness, nonconductivity, relative inertness, and resistance to acids and other corrosive media. Its chemical resistance makes it suitable for many chemical processing applications.
Ductile iron is a form of cast iron developed in the 1940s that incorporates significant casting refinements, additional metallurgical processes, and superior quality control. The heat treatment after casting nodulizes the graphite into spheroidal shapes, giving ductile iron greater elongation, impact strength, and toughness than its predecessor, gray cast iron; in fact, the properties of ductile iron resemble those of steel more closely than traditional gray cast iron. Ductile iron retains the machinability of gray iron, and its high corrosion resistance is often enhanced with polyethylene encasement. Also called "Nodular Iron" or "S.G. Iron".
Several elastomeric products can be used in pipe fabrication; the most widely used is Neoprene, a synthetic rubber that resists degradation from sun, ozone, and weather. It performs well in contact with oils and many chemicals. Neoprene remains useful over a wide temperature range, displays outstanding physical toughness, and resists burning inherently better than exclusively hydrocarbon rubbers. Neoprene also offers resistance to damage caused by flexing and twisting. Suggested operating temperature (-45° to 230° F). Neoprene was originally engineered by DuPont Dow.
Polyethylene (PE) is a semi-crystalline (typically around 50%), whitish, semi-opaque, commodity thermoplastic that is soft, flexible, and tough - even at low temperatures. PE offers outstanding electrical properties, but poor temperature resistance. It also has very good chemical resistance, but is prone to environmental stress cracking; it has poor UV resistance (unless modified) and poor barrier properties, except to water.
Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic material that exhibits excellent cold flow, bi-axial strength, and yield elongation properties. It is similar to PVC, but can be used in exposed applications because of its resistance to UV, weathering, and ozone.
Steel is a generic classification for general purpose carbon steel, mild steel, or steel alloys containing additions of chrome, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or other elements to alter hardenability characteristics, toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, and/or strength. "Black pipe" is typically made of carbon steel.
Stainless steel is chemical and corrosion resistant, and can have relatively high pressure ratings; this selection includes all grades of stainless steel.
Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary material.
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